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Cornus (genus)
''Cornus'' is a genus of about 30–60 species of woody plants in the family Cornaceae, commonly known as dogwoods, which can generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://forestry.answers.com/tree-identification/tree-identification-notable-characteristics-of-dogwood-trees )〕 Most are deciduous trees or shrubs, but a few species are nearly herbaceous perennial subshrubs, and a few of the woody species are evergreen. Several species have small heads of inconspicuous flowers surrounded by an involucre of large, typically white petal-like bracts, while others have more open clusters of petal-bearing flowers. The various species of dogwood are native throughout much of temperate and boreal Eurasia and North America, with China and Japan and the southeastern United States particularly rich in native species.
Species include the common dogwood ''Cornus sanguinea'' of Eurasia, the widely cultivated flowering dogwood ''(Cornus florida)'' of eastern North America, the Pacific dogwood ''Cornus nuttallii'' of western North America, the Kousa dogwood ''Cornus kousa'' of eastern Asia, and two low-growing boreal species, the Canadian and Eurasian dwarf cornels (or bunchberries), ''Cornus canadensis'' and ''Cornus suecica'' respectively.
Depending on botanical interpretation, the dogwoods are variously divided into one to nine genera or subgenera; a broadly inclusive genus ''Cornus'' is accepted here, with four subgenera.
==Common name "dogwood"==
The name "dog-tree" entered the English vocabulary before 1548, becoming "dogwood" by 1614. Once the name dogwood was affixed to this kind of tree, it soon acquired a secondary name as the Hound's Tree, while the fruits came to be known as dogberries or houndberries (the latter a name also for the berries of black nightshade, alluding to Hecate's hounds). Another theory advances the view that "dogwood" was derived from the Old English ''dagwood,'' from the use of the slender stems of its very hard wood for making "dags" (daggers, skewers, and arrows).〔Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). ''Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow''. Metheun & Co. Ltd., London.〕 Another, earlier name of the dogwood in English is the whipple-tree. Geoffrey Chaucer uses "whippletree" in ''The Canterbury Tales'' ("The Knight's Tale", verse 2065) to refer to the dogwood. A ''whippletree'' is an element of the traction of a horse-drawn cart, linking the drawpole of the cart to the harnesses of the horses in file; these items still bear the name of the tree from which they are commonly carved.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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